Where, when, and how aerosols are released is critical. Injection altitude, location, season, and coordination between countries may dramatically affect how aerosols behave in the atmosphere. Supply chains could strain under the demand for certain SAI materials—i.e. diamond and zirconia–either too scarce or too expensive to be practical. Without international cooperation, SAI could do more harm than good. Unilateral or poorly planned deployment could worsen droughts, disrupt monsoons, or shift storm patterns.
news.climate.columbia.edu/2025/10/21/how-hard-is-it-to-dim-the-sun