In the jungles of equatorial Africa elephants plant the forest with high carbon-density trees and get rid of the weeds. They spread seeds in their dung, turn forests into savannas , and create trails that extend for kilometers. If elephants vanished, it could alter the forest so that carbon storage declined by between 6 and 9%. Unfortunately, elephant numbers in Africa are down from 10 million to fewer than 500,000. We need to promote their increase.