A scientific framework might trace specific climate damages to emissions from individual fossil fuel companies. Its robust emissions-based attributions of climate damages at the corporate scale can help courts better evaluate liability claims for losses and disruptions resulting from human-caused climate change. The framework provides the first causal estimates of regional economic losses due to extreme heat resulting from individual fossil fuel companies’ emissions. Extreme heat linked to carbon dioxide and methane from 111 companies cost the world economy $28 trillion from 1991 to 2020, with $9 trillion of those losses attributable to the five top-emitting firms. The highest-emitting investor-owned firm examined may be responsible for $791 billion to $3.6 trillion in heat-related losses over that period.
https://home.dartmouth.edu/news/2025/04/study-lays-out-scientific-path-recouping-climate-costs