Abnormal El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)activity can push far-flung regions simultaneously into dry or wet conditions. Dry extremes are associated with El Niño (warmer water, weaker winds) in some regions and La Niña (the opposite) in others, with the opposite pattern for wet extremes. This affects water availability, food production, and food trade. Both El Niño and La Niña are lingering longer than ever before, which is amplifying their destructive potential. ENSO could intensify rapidly over the coming decades and synchronize with other major climate phenomena, reshaping global temperature and rainfall patterns by the end of the 21st century.
phys.org/news/2025-04-consecutive-el-nios-result-devastating.html