Bacterial communities in soil are as resilient to human urine as synthetic fertilizers, making recycling it viable as a fertilizer for agricultural crops. Even applied in high doses, one-year stored urine had little impact on soil bacterial communities and produced minimal change in soil pH and salinity. Fresh urine is composed of 95 % water–the remaining 5% made up of amino compounds, organic anions and inorganic salts, making it a source of bioavailable nutrients and micronutrients for plant growth. But researchers found urine fertilization increased the relative amounts of nitrifying and denitrifying groups compared to synthetic fertilizer–implying that more nitrogen oxides could be emitted when fertilizing with urine.
www.birmingham.ac.uk/news/2024/human-urine-could-be-used-as-eco-friendly-crop-fertiliser#:~:text=Our%20research%20highlights%20the%20potential,negatively%20impacting%20the%20soil%20microbiome.